Hypolycaena phorbas (Fabricius, 1793)
(one synonym : Hesperia noctula)
Common Tit
HYPOLYCAENINI , THECLINAE LYCAENIDAE

Don Herbison-Evans ( donherbisonevans@yahoo.com )
&
Stella Crossley

(updated 30 August 2008)

Hypolycaena phorbas
Female
(Photo: courtesy of Martin Purvis)

This Caterpillar is green with a broad brown dorsal line. It is aways attended by the green ants :

  • Citrus Ants ( Oecophylla smaragdina, FORMICINAE ).

    It usually hides by day under a leaf, and feeds by night on the leaves, young shoots, buds, and flowers of a wide variety of plants, including :

  • Pudding Pie Tree ( Cassia fistula, CAESALPINIACEAE ),
  • Sandy Mangrove ( Lumnitzera racemosa, COMBRETACEAE ),
  • Black Bean ( Castanospermum australe, FABACEAE ),
  • Supplejack ( Flagellaria indica, FLAGELLARIACEAE ),
  • Billy Goat Plum ( Planchonia careya, LECYTHIDACEAE ),
  • Long Flowered Mistletoe ( Dendrophthoe vitellina, LORANTHACEAE ),
  • River Mangrove ( Aegiceras corniculatum, MYRSINACEAE ),
  • Powder Puff Lillipilly ( Syzygium wilsonii, MYRTACEAE ),
  • Yellow Mangrove ( Ceriops tagal , RHIZOPHORACEAE ),
  • Carrotwood ( Cupaniopsis anacardioides, SAPINDACEAE ),
  • Barbed Wire Bush ( Smilax australis , SMILACACEAE ), and
  • Glory Bower ( Clerodendrum inerme, VERBENACEAE ).

    The Caterpillars pupate on the stems of the food plant, often in groups, head down. The pupae are green or brown with dark flecks and mottling. They have a length of about 1.5 cms.

    Hypolycaena phorbas
    Male
    (Specimen: courtesy of the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney)

    The adults are brown on top. The males have fore wings with a blue sheen and a large dark patch in the middle. The females have fore wings with a white patch having a blue edge. The hind wings of both sexes each have two little tails from the trailing edge each beside a large black and white eye spot.

    Hypolycaena phorbas
    underside, male
    (Specimen: courtesy of the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney)

    Underneath, the butterflies are fawn, each wing having two rows of darker spots parallel to the wing margins. The hind wings each have two small orange and black eye spots on the trailing edge. The butterflies fly fast and are inclined to settle on the tips of twigs. They have a wing span of about 3 cms.

    The species also occurs over New Guinea, and two subspecies have been recognised in Australia :

  • ingura in the north of Western Australia and the Northern Territory, and
  • phorbas along the tropical north coast of Queensland.


    Further reading :

    Michael F. Braby,
    Butterflies of Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne 2000, vol. 2, pp. 735-736.


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